Indepth Articles

[Apr. 24, 2009]

Eye to Eye with Poverty

James L. Huffman
James L. Huffman
The Nippon Foundation


In March, Japanese writer Ayako Sono lead a delegation from The Nippon Foundation and various government ministries to South Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo to examine the conditions under which the poor live in those two nations. The visit was the tenth such survey since 1999. This year, foundation communications officer James Huffman also took part, and writes about his experience.

And to wind up the trip, striking taxi drivers...

A view of Kliptown, an
A view of Kliptown, an "informal settlement" in Soweto

6:30 AM, Johannesburg. It is the last day of our two weeks in South Africa and D.R. Congo. I leave the hotel with three Japanese doctors and board a microbus for the National Institute for Communicable Diseases. The Institute is not far and normally we could get there in 30 minutes. Today however, we have started off ninety minutes before our appointment, and yet I cannot stop checking my watch. The reason: since 5:00 AM, Johannesburg’s taxi drivers have been striking.

A strike to wind up the trip. Strangely fitting. For two weeks, we have been looking at poverty in D.R. Congo and South Africa. Originally, we planned to visit Madagascar and Congo, but the day before we left for the Malagasy capital of Antananarivo, the country began to disintegrate toward a coup d’etat. We were determined to examine Malagasy poverty, but our froup leaders decided that visiting a potential war zone was just too dangerous. When it was announced that we would spend the week in South Africa’s slums instead, the group was disappointed, but at the same time everyone breathed a small sigh of relief.

The countries we did get to visit showed us poverty in many forms. There was the “informal township” (South African for squatter camp) where 43 water faucets served 45,000 inhabitants. Or the two-room apartment where 30 people lived without water or electricity. The hospital ward completely filled with mothers comforting their dying infants. Africa taught us that poverty cannot be learned from books. For two weeks, we had stood eye to eye with it, breathed its stench, and filled our lungs with its dust. We learned that, until this trip, we had never really understood all those articles, books and movies about poverty.


South Africa: Inequality

Visiting a home in Durban's black settlement
Visiting a home in Durban's black settlement

In South Africa, we travelled through beautiful white neighborhoods with every modern convenience, black neighborhoods without even basic services, and Indian neighborhoods that fell somewhere in between. Race seemed to determine the supply of all necessities. Water. Electricity. Gas. Public transportation. Even health services. I was told that the taxis of Soweto were not allowed to take customers outside of Soweto. Customers going from Johannesburg’s business district to some location within Soweto had to actually change taxis at the township border. Though apartheid had ended years ago, economically it still seemed to be very much alive.

We had been on the African Continent for two weeks. We felt overwhelmed, fed up. Tired of poor people. We were ready to go home. And then the taxis went on strike. Suddenly, Africa’s problems left the realm of “people’s hardships,” and made them, even if only superficially, ours as well.

To oversimplify, the strike was about buses. In the lead-up to the 2010 World Cup, host cities like Johannesburg are modernizing their transportation systems. On a human scale though, the problem is that if Johannesburg gets an efficient bus system, countless taxi drivers will lose their jobs. Many will slide from merely being poor, into absolute poverty. The strike was an expression of fear, anger and resistance over this looming threat.


"Don't think for a second that you know my poverty."

In the previous month, there had been a similar strike. A pregnant woman and her fetus were killed. Buses were petrol-bombed. Just before we left the hotel as well, the television announced that a bus driver had just been shot to death. That day, taxi drivers defied the police, blocking the streets and highways, and brought traffic to a standstill. 4,000 marched in downtown Johannesburg. There was gunfire. There was violence against bystanders. Bus passengers were forced off of their buses. Motorcycle riders were dragged from their bikes and beaten. Our driver, speeding faster than he should have, turned to face us, “Taxi strike? Not a problem. I’ll just take you the scenic route.”

Street in Kliptown
Street in Kliptown: the water is runoff from one of the settlement's 43 common water faucets.

And he was right. While the taxi drivers of Johannesburg bet their livelihoods on protest, terrorizing the city and shutting down the streets and freeways, we doubled the speed limit down the shaded avenues of wealthy white neighborhoods. The radio filled the microbus with 1980s love songs. When we got off at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, we found ourselves among neat brick buildings, trimmed lawns. Overhead, the sky was autumnal blue, and birds sang in the trees.

An idyllic campus and a strike that killed people. Same country, same city, same day.

We had been lucky during our two weeks in D.R. Congo and South Africa. We had accomplished our mission. We had viewed with our own eyes the appalling conditions that millions live under. We had felt the grit between our teeth. But that had been all. Then came the strike, a final harsh whisper from Africa: “Hey you. Don’t even think for a second that you know anything about my poverty.” The voice still echoes in my heart.

A first-rate mall--for those who can afford it
A first-rate mall--for those who can afford it