The Japan Science Society aims to develop the world's knowledge base by promoting scientific education, aiding in the organization of the various scientific disciplines vis-à-vis one another, and encouraging international ties within the scientific community. In addition, the society promotes the development of new technologies.

To promote science and technology, strong investment in the development of young scientific minds must be emphasized. The Society feels that, in the interest of furthering this aim, it is necessary to foment a strong understanding of scientific principles among the general populace.

It thus works to facilitate this process by developing Japan's human resources, with a focus on her young people. Additionally, the Society supports research projects on a national scale, and is pushing forward an effort to promote international understanding, with the distribution of nearly two million Japanese books, donated by Japanese companies and libraries, to premier Chinese institutions.